Okuhida Onsen Gorge Open-Air Bath Cluster

Rotenburo culture in Japan is rooted in philosophy integrating hot springs with natural scenery. The bathing experience of feeling seasonal changes, appreciating landscape, and engaging with weather connects to Taoist and Zen nature philosophies. While some regions saw decline during modernization, contemporary wellness trends have revived appreciation for this tradition.

Akiu Onsen in Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, uniquely integrates the Akiu Falls landscape with hot spring experience. Waterfall-view open-air baths allow simultaneous experience of flowing water sounds and thermal sensation. It exemplifies the relationship between Japanese onsen and landscape, offering integrated sensory bathing.

北阿爾卑斯山麓匯聚五處溫泉地的溫泉鄉。露天風呂數量據稱為日本之最，俯瞰3,000公尺級山峰的開放式露天風呂以壯闊規模見稱。

位於大分縣別府市的露天溫泉浸浴體驗，以「青地獄」等特色溫泉聞名，水色獨特鮮明。作為地獄巡禮觀光路線的一環而發展，許多設施既是景點，亦提供真正的溫泉浸浴服務，彰顯日本溫泉文化的多樣性與觀光演進。每年吸引約100萬人造訪。

位於栃木縣日光市奧鬼怒地區谷間的九家小規模溫泉旅館所構成的秘湯群落，以其露天風呂文化聞名。這些親密的設施提供與自然融為一體、野趣盎然的露天風呂體驗。遊客可在冬季欣賞雪景入浴，春季沐浴於櫻花之下，秋季則在楓紅映照中泡溫泉——完整詮釋日本溫泉美學的精髓。因地處偏遠、交通困難，秘湯至今仍保持寧靜幽遠的原貌。

岐阜縣高山市北部飛驒山脈環繞的六處溫泉地總稱。由新平湯、棲尾、福地、新穗高等溫泉及三處露天溫泉浴場群組成。雖處於高山環立的秘境，聚落卻沿著蒲田川伸展開來。秋楓季節尤其景色怡人，深受登山客及溫泉愛好者喜愛。

位於宮城縣仙台市的秋保溫泉。廣瀬川的瀑布景觀與溫泉地融為一體，將風景美學與湯治療養相結合的觀光典範。江戶時代深受文人墨客喜愛，發展出結合瀑布參詣與溫泉入浴的修行式觀光形式。時至今日，溪谷沿線的露天風呂與瀑布絕景交融的體驗仍獲提供。自然之美與療養機能的統合，被視為日本風情觀光文化的典型代表。

Lake Kawaguchi Onsen in Fujikawaguchiko, Yamanashi Prefecture, is renowned for its fusion of hot spring bathing and Mt. Fuji scenery. Many facilities feature open-air baths designed for viewing Mount Fuji, merging visual landscape experience with thermal therapy. It exemplifies commercialized rotenburo culture.