Ponzu

Japan's fundamental seasoning, made by adding saltwater to soy sauce koji (soybeans and wheat with cultivated koji mold) and fermenting for about one year. Contains all five tastes: umami, salty, sweet, sour, and bitter.

An acidic seasoning made by first fermenting raw materials (rice, fruits, etc.) into alcohol, then converting to acetic acid through acetic acid bacteria. Includes rice vinegar, black vinegar, fruit vinegars, and more.

A sweet alcoholic condiment (about 14% ABV) made from glutinous rice, rice koji, and shochu/distilled alcohol, saccharified and aged for about 60 days. Widely used as a seasoning in Japanese cuisine.

The world's hardest food, made by boiling, smoking, and repeatedly applying mold and sun-drying skipjack tuna. As the base for dashi, it forms the foundation of umami in Japanese cuisine. Commonly used shaved as 'kezuribushi.'

A family of seasonings based on miso mixed with sugar, mirin, vinegar, sake, etc. Includes dengaku miso, sumiso (vinegar-miso for nuta), sesame miso, and many regional variations.

A versatile seasoning made by fermenting rice koji with salt and water. Koji enzymes break down proteins in meat and fish to unlock umami. A 'shio koji boom' around 2011 spread it nationwide.

A seasoning made by mixing rice koji with soy sauce and fermenting. Like shio koji, it is noted as a versatile condiment. The umami of soy sauce combines with koji's sweetness and enzymatic power for deep flavor.

An ancient seasoning made by fermenting soybeans or grains with salt and koji. Considered the common ancestor of miso and soy sauce, still produced as 'hishio miso' in some regions today.

A pungent condiment made by pickling chopped wasabi stems and roots in sake lees. Known as a specialty of Shizuoka Prefecture, with distinctive heat and sake lees umami.

Japan's quintessential fermented seasoning, made by fermenting and aging soybeans with koji (rice, barley, or soybean koji) and salt. Essential for miso soup and countless Japanese dishes.